This little article on OSOpinion has it all wrong about Apple. When talking or reading about Apple's technology with most PC users, the word "proprietary" always comes up when it comes to Apple. "Apple's stuff is so proprietary and expensive. I can't go build my own Mac. I can always build a PC."
In that pseudo-quote above, only the part on always being able to build a PC is true.
Let's hike back a few years--for some of you, before you were born. It's around 1980, and the personal computer revolution is in full swing. There are dozens of different computer manufacturers. Most of them sold a personal computer that included a BASIC computer language interpreter (yep, you couldn't go down to the store most of time to buy software--you had to type in the code yourself) or some other operating system unique to its product. There were very few standards as we know them now, so connecting parts from one of these computers to another was basically impossible without an engineering degree.
During this time, Apple was the dominant personal computer manufacturer, of which 75% of all computers sold in the U.S. were Apple II systems. (Yes, once upon a time, Apple was indeed king.) The Apple II wasn't much different from the IBM PC systems that soon followed it, and it ran its own operating system that was generally incompatible with other computers. By the mid 1980's, the computer makers that were unsuccessful in getting sufficient market share for survival were dying out, and Compaq won it's suit versus IBM on cloning the IBM PC. There were essentially two computer powers left, but they weren't separated by manufacturer but as computer type. By the end of the 1980s, you likely owned one of the old computers that couldn't do much, a PC-compatible clone or genuine IBM PC, or the new, but initially expensive Macintosh.
Apple originally introduced the Macintosh more as an appliance than a computer we're used to today. They did not anticipate anyone having to crack open an original Macintosh anymore than you would crack open your toaster to add new heating elements. This decision, in contrast to the IBM PC's open box that allowed for what little constituted as parts and accessories back then, gave the Macintosh the reputation of being a "closed box." This was true to a degree: all Macs can be upgraded in some basic way, such as RAM, but getting the thing open was never, ever easy, and very dangerous--the first Macs were all-in-one systems with high-voltage displays inside. This issue was resolved when the Macintosh II, Apple's first conventional desktop Macintosh, arrived in 1987 with a box filled with expandability.
However, for years, Apple used its own standards for expansion parts. It used an expansion slot format that never caught on (NuBus) instead of ISA used on PCs. It used different processors than the PCs. It used a different hard drive technology (SCSI) than PCs. And, as you know, the operating system was so radically different (albeit very unique) that it took the PC manufacturers years to understand the joy of a simplified graphic interface. So, until around 1996 or so, a Macintosh was a standard onto itself. This brought on the "proprietary" term to describe all Macs.
But, even during their financial troubles, Apple began to learn quickly that it was expensive to continue setting their standards. For one, no one else was using their standards, and it was expensive to have these connectors and parts built. Second, the unique connectors and processes made it very difficult for Macs and PCs to exchange information. The company started its move away from incompatible connectors by using PCI slots in 1996 Power Mac models.
Apple continued its move from proprietary hardware with the original iMac in 1998. This system used Intel's USB standard for serial input. The hard drive was now a typical PC EIDE drive, replacing the expensive SCSI-1 technology that, by then, wasn't significantly faster than IDE. A standard Ethernet with an RJ-45 connector replaced the odd connectors found on some Macs that required an adapter. In early 1999, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh G3 "Blue-and-White" (nicknamed for its case colors to distinguish it from the beige-colored Power Macintosh G3 issued in the previous year), which added its FireWire drive/device connection technology. While FireWire was an Apple-developed technology, it released it as an industry standard most PC users know by its IEEE standards number: 1394.
Today, there are very few items with a typical Macintosh that are not available for PCs as an industry standard component. You can't buy a logic board (motherboard) from Apple directly, although an Apple service provider can do this to replace a failing board. Apple uses nVidia or ATI video cards in the same 4x AGP slots used on PC motherboards--all of these cards come with a VGA port, and some with the industry standard Digital Video Interface (DVI) port. All Macs use SDRAM or SODIMM (the parity is different, but nothing is very unusual there) memory in the same kind of slots on other computers. Hard drives are the same, as are the DVD/CD-ROM modules and their connectors. (Buy a Maxtor hard drive now and you'll see that their install instructions include basic information for Apple computers as well as PCs.)
The only unique things in a Macintosh made today are the chassis (duh), the logic board/motherboard, and the processors. It's this change to industry standard parts that made the Macintosh much less expensive than its PC counterparts. But why would you pay about $100-500 more for a typical desktop Macintosh over a PC? The answer is very simple: Apple may use industry-standard parts, but they don't use CHEAP (read: poor-quality) industry standard parts. Macs have always been built to last, and this hopefully will never change.
Note that even the operating system is based on open standards--Mac OS X is a variant of FreeBSD and is supported by many of that operating system's users. You can even
freely download the core operating system components of Mac OS X and use it not only on a Macintosh, but on Intel x86 hardware.
Apple still makes an occasional proprietary part itself for best competitive performance, such as the Apple Display Connector, which is a variation of the DVI but also pumps electrical power and a USB signal for the display through the port. It's a nifty connector since it allows you to connect only one cable to a Mac--no separate power supply or USB cable needed. As I noted earlier, you can still connect a standard VGA monitor if you want, or even use third-party adapters for Mac or PCs for the flat-panel Apple LCD displays that use the ADC.
The word "proprietary" really applies to the PCs made by Dell, HP, Gateway, and IBM. Consider that most if not all of these computers are supposed to comply to motherboard standards created by Intel. Logical decision, else a motherboard may be incompatible with Intel's processors. So, technically, all of these systems are clones. So, how does a computer maker attempt to show that their clone is better than another manufacturer?
The computer maker adds
proprietary hardware and software, such as a unique BIOS, additional motherboard elements, diagnostic software, or even a tweaked version of Microsoft Windows to differentiate their product for competitive advantage. Try installing a stock copy of Windows XP Home on a late-model 233MHz IBM ThinkPad or an HP Vectra and watch the fireworks. It
should work, but it will fight you quite a bit because the operating system doesn't recognize the hardware and doesn't have the specialized drivers that computer needs.
The article believes that Apple will be pushed out of the hardware business. This is unlikely since Apple's profit is on the hardware, not the software. This is why we will never likely see a Mac OS X for Intel (haven't I talked about this before?). Besides, no company makes computer hardware that integrates itself so well with its operating system so that installation of further hardware and software is almost a no-brainer--typically, Macintosh products "just work."
There's no mystery to Apple's survival. They make a good product. (They have made lots of mistakes, so a better question is how Apple managed to survive their own stupidity.) The computer industry is changing again and Apple must continue to read the tea leaves to change with the times. For now, Apple realizes that unique technologies generally does more harm than good. They also see that they need to chase down the portions of the enterprise market that may favor them, such as the high-end creative communities in Hollywood, and the scientific community. That's why the Xserve rackmount showed up.
The most proprietary device is a name-brand PC running Microsoft Windows. Ever tried to recompile the Windows kernel?
Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are contempories that were used to making closed products in the past. Today, it seems that only Steve Jobs has learned that open standards are crucial to his company's survival.